In an alarming report, scientists have determined that the acidification of the Pacific Ocean is affecting marine life earlier than expected, with Dungeness crabs in particular suffering.
In an alarming report, scientists have determined that the acidification of the Pacific Ocean is affecting marine life earlier than expected, with Dungeness crabs in particular suffering.
In a new National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-funded study, researchers observed how the lower pH levels affected the valuable crabs, which are vital to the area's commercial fisheries.
The ocean acidity has damaged Dungeness crabs' shells and also their sensory organs, according to the report.
As the oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the water's pH level drops, making it more acidic.
In the acidic water, carbonate ions are less abundant, and much marine life, including crabs, oysters, clams, and coral rely on carbonate ions as they build up their shells. Building and maintaining shells becomes difficult, especially for marine life that's still developing.
However, crab larvae have shown signs of dissolved shells, as well as other developmental delays, and the loss of tiny hair-like structures that help them navigate and orient themselves in the water, an effect scientists hadn't seen before.
Without those structures, they will have more trouble with buoyancy, maintaining verticality, and avoiding predators.
"We found dissolution impacts to the crab larvae that were not expected to occur until much later in this century," said the NOAA's Richard Feely, one of the study's co-authors.
The NOAA suggests two major avenues to address the situation: reducing our overall carbon footprint so the ocean absorbs less carbon, or teaching wildlife and those who rely on it to adapt to changes in the oceans.
But time is not on the scientists' side. "If the crabs are affected already, we really need to make sure we pay much more attention to various components of the food chain before it is too late," said the study's lead author, Nina Bednarsek of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project.
The study was published in Science of the Total Environment.